← All mental models

Reusable cognitive primitives

Waves

A disturbance that travels and carries energy from place to place without carrying the material itself along with it.

Where it appears

Dependencies & synergies

Derived from the graph’s real structure — 21 concepts across 23 disciplines carry this pattern. Every figure is a count, not a score.

Reach across disciplines

How many concepts carrying this pattern are seen through each discipline.

Patterns that travel with it

Other thinking patterns that recur on the same concepts — the more shared concepts, the more often they co-occur.

The shape of its reasoning

What kinds of relationships the carrying concepts form — the relational signature of the pattern.

  • Cause & effect29 edges
  • Kind & structure24 edges
  • Teaching link15 edges
  • Dependency13 edges
  • Explains & models8 edges
  • Evidence2 edges
  • Analogy & transfer1 edges
Furthest-reaching carriers

Concepts where this pattern does the most cross-disciplinary work — each reaches disciplines beyond its own.

  • Electromagnetic radiationreachesAcousticsAtmospheric ScienceBiomedical EngineeringEngineeringGeographyGeoinformaticsMedicineOceanographyRadiologyRemote SensingTelecommunications EngineeringThermodynamics
  • TimbrereachesAudio EngineeringCognitive ScienceElectroacousticsEthnomusicologyMusic ProductionMusic TheoryPhoneticsPhysicsPoeticsSignal Processing
  • WavereachesAstronomyBiologyElectromagnetismEngineeringEnvironmental EngineeringMechanicsMusicNutrition ScienceQuantum Physics
  • SignalreachesBiologyComputer ScienceMathematicsPhysiologySignal ProcessingStatisticsTelecommunications Engineering
  • Harmonic seriesreachesAudio EngineeringCognitive ScienceMathematicsMusicMusic ProductionMusicologyPsychoacoustics
  • Gravitational wavereachesAcousticsAstrophysicsOceanographyOpticsPhysicsRelativity

Foundation of the pattern

Carrying concepts that others in the same pattern build on (they depend on or follow from these).

  1. Wave 4 other concepts build on it
  2. Resonance 1 other concept build on it

Examples across disciplines

Music

Sound is a pressure wave: air molecules jostle their neighbours, passing the vibration to your ear.

Physics

Light is an electromagnetic wave that needs no medium and carries the Sun's energy to Earth.

Earth & Space Sciences

Ocean swells and earthquake waves move energy across huge distances.

How this pattern travels

Interpreted from where the pattern recurs in the atlas — structural transfer and coverage, not a claim it is universally the "best" model.

  • Recurs across 23 disciplines over 21 carrier concepts — concentrated (71% of carriers in one field).

    structural · Structural recurrence in the atlas — a pattern is a reasoning lens, not a law.

  • 8 of its 21 carrier concepts are themselves cross-disciplinary connectors.

    structural · Structural recurrence in the atlas — a pattern is a reasoning lens, not a law.

  • Explicit "where it breaks" notes exist for 0 of 5 annotated assignments.

    curated · Curated boundary annotations — absence is a representation gap, not evidence the model has no limits.

  • Currently dark in the atlas: no origin recorded · no boundary annotations.

    atlas representation · Describes the current Thinking OS representation, not the model itself.

Coverage matrix

How these concepts distribute across domains and concept families — real counts, not a score.

SystemsInformationMatterChangePatternsEnergyLifeScaleStructureDecisionNetworksWavesCausalityComputationEarthSpaceOptimizationNumberProbabilitySecurityThresholdsConstraintsNatural sciencesFormal sciencesEngineeringMedicine & healthSocial sciencesHumanitiesProfessionalArtsInterdisciplinary11811

Knowledge timeline

Real, sourced key dates of these concepts.

4 events
12001400160018002000c. 1021 · Refraction1831 · Standing wave1842 · Doppler effect2015 · Gravitational wave

The statistical fingerprint

How the 21 concepts that exercise this pattern distribute — from the graph, not a ranking.

Disciplinary fingerprint

Carrier concepts under each illuminating lens.

How settled its carriers are

Epistemic status of the concepts that exercise this pattern.

  • Established21 · 100%

3 of 5 explained assignments cite a source; the rest are editorial interpretations. None is externally validated.

Common misconception

That a wave carries matter forward; usually the medium oscillates in place while only energy travels.

Try a transfer challenge

You have seen this model in one place. Where else could it apply — and where would the analogy break?

Beat frequency
The intuition

The wave moves; the stuff it moves through mostly stays put — like a ripple crossing a pond.

The reach of this pattern
  • Recurs across 23 disciplines.
  • 57 concepts exercise this thinking pattern.

Derived from the graph — a pattern is a reasoning lens, not a law.

How to recognise it

Is something travelling through a medium while the medium itself stays roughly in place — carrying energy or information but not matter?

Keep this question handy when you meet something new — it helps you notice the pattern, not just name it.